Note: The eggs should be at room temperature before starting.
Grease and flour a 9 inch square pan and preheat the oven to 350F. You can also bake it at 325 F so it rises more evenly but it will take longer - always check the cake for doneness.
Set the butter in a large bowl and cover it with a microwave plate (this protects the butter from sputtering out). Microwave it for 90 seconds, until it has melted.
Add the sugar to the bowl and whisk well. As you whisk, add the salt and vanilla.
One by one, add the warm eggs to the bowl, whisking after each egg addition. You should have a creamy mixture once all the eggs are in. Sift the flour over the mixture and add the baking powder and the sour cream. Whisk the batter until there are no unmixed flour or sour cream bits.
Pour a little over ⅔ of the batter into the prepared cake pan. Sprinkle the sugar over the batter in an even layer, do it slowly so that all of the cake batter is covered. Then dollop the remaining cake batter on top to cover the cinnamon sugar and use an offset spatula to smooth it over. It’s ok if some of the sugar mixes with the batter, do your best!
Over the second layer of cake batter, sprinkle the streusel topping on top so it covers all of the cake.
Set the cake in the oven to bake, it’s done when a cake tester comes out clean of cake batter: around 50-60 minutes.
Let cool in the pan, then slice. Store leftovers in an airtight container.