In a non-reactive pot, add the sugar and zest the limes over it. Rub between your fingers.
Juice the limes until you have the required amount (¾ cup) and pour into the pot. Separately, beat the eggs with a fork. Add the eggs to the pot then whisk the mixture together until all or most of the egg whites are broken up.
Set the pot over medium low heat and cook, stirring frequently with a silicone spatula, until thickened and covers the back of a spoon (on a thermometer it should read 170F). Remove from heat.
Slice the butter into a non-metal bowl and set a sieve over it. Pour the cooked filling through the sieve (you’ll be left with zest and bits of egg white - discard those). Stir the filing until the butter has melted and it’s smooth.
When the crust is done par-baking, take it out of the oven and pour in the filling. Smooth into an even layer. Return to the oven and bake until sides are set and there’s a slight jiggle in the center.
Set on the counter to cool to room temperature then set in the fridge to chill for 6 hours or up to 2 days.
When you’re ready to serve, sift a few tablespoons of powdered sugar over the bars, then slice and serve.
Leftovers keep in the fridge, in an airtight container (the powdered sugar will likely dissolve, you can add another layer of it if you like when you want to eat the leftovers).